Improvement in electro-magnets



R. E. HoUsE.

ELEGTRG MAGNETS.

Patented July 25,1876.

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PATENT OFFICE ROYAL E. HOUSE, OF BINGHAMTON, NEW YORK.

IMPROVEMENT IN'ELECTRo-MAGNETS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 180,093, dated July 25,1876; application filed l July 1, 1816.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, ROYAL E. HoUsE, ofBinghamton, in the county ot' Broome and State ofNew York, have inventedan Improved Electro-Magnet; and I do hereby, declare the following to bea full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had tothe accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification, in which-Figure l is a plan view of the electro-magnet with the covers open. Fig.2 is a side view, showing the covers closed; and Fig. 5 is alongitudinal section, taken in line m a' of v Fig. lV

rIhis invention is a modification of the iron-v covered electro-magnetwhich I have claimed broadly in another application for Letters Patenttiled in the United States Patent Office June 17, 1870; kand the presentapplication is a division ot" said former application. The modificationconsists in combining two independent insulated coils with said covers,and arranging the magnetic poles and the needle in a novel manner, so asto produce a coinpact electro-magnet having great power andsensitiveness, and by means of which a reciprocatory movement ot' the'needle may be caused, either by alternately reversing the currents, orby first sending a current in one direction through one coil, and thenin an opposite direction through'the other coil, substantially as I willnow proceed to describe.

In the drawings, the two independent insulated coils are represented atA B, each being wound around a bent insulated strip, D, of suitablenon-magnetic metal or other material, to give the oblong form to thecoils, and to leave an elongated open space, O, `in the middle of eachcoil, as shown in Fig. l. O C represent the iron cover, made, forconvenience, in two pieces, preferably of soft iron, hinged to eachother at j j, and adapted to t closely together around their edges, sothat when closed they practically become, for magnetic purposes, as onepiece ot' iron, and will, as one piece, be magnetized by any electric ormagnetic force operating upon either or both. The outside surface ot'each cover is continuous, and, preferably, unbroken by any openingsexcept a slot or gain, g, through which the needle-lever L extends, theholes through which the ends ofthe helix-wires h h i 'i' project, and ascrew-hole to receive an adjusting thumb-screw, E, which supports oneend ot' the needle-shaft. A projecting rim, c, around the part B causesthe two parts ot' the cover,

when closed together, to leave space enough 'between the two helices forthe accommodation ot' the needle-shaft, its bearings being in orsupported by said rim. On the inside, cach coverl is provided with anelongated rib, p, terminating in two projections, P P1 or P2 B3, whichoccupy the ends of the space O, and, when' the covers are magnetized,become the poles of the electromagnet. 'The needle M, otA magnetizedsteel, is mounted so as to os cillate freely on a pin or rock-shaft, B,held between the screwE and the opposite side ot' the cover, and isarranged in such a position that one extremity ot' the needle extendsbetween the poles P- P2, at one end of the space. O, while the oppositeextremity extends between the poles P1 Pf3 at the other end of the spaceO, there being sufficient room between the ends ot'cthe needle and thetwo nearest poles to allow it to oscillate from one to the other as theelectric currents pass through the wires.

The outer or commencing end ofthe wire of helix A, and the inner orterminating end ot' the `wire ot' helix B, are united together by a goodmetallic connection, and are represented at h. rIhe oppos-ite ends ofboth wires are` shown at 'i t. A current sent through wire h will,therefore, enter at the center and escape at the periphery of helix B,and will enter at the periphery and escape at the center of helix A. It'sent through the wire i, it will enter at the center and escape at theperiphery ot' helix A; and if sent through wire i', it will enter at theperiphery and escape through the center ot' helix B.-

rlhe coils, with their wires he' i', are properly insulated fromeachother and from the magnetic-metal covering, and when theelectro-magnet is to be used, the two parts ot' the cover are t-o beclosed together and fastened by a hasp, catch, or other suitable means.The arm or lever U is attached to the lower end of the magnetic needle,so as to extend through the slot g, and, provided with a hammer orconnected to a valve, style, or other device to be operated thereby.

rPhe relative position ot' the several parts ot' the electro-magnetbeing as represented in- Figs. 2, 3, When a current ot' electricity ispassed through the helical wire A in a suitable direction, each sectionC C ot' the cover will become magnetized, and the projections P PI ofsection C will acquire north polarity, while the projections P2 P3 ol"section C will acquire south polarity. When such current isdiscontinued, and a current is passed in an opposite direction throughthe helical wire B, the polarity ot' both covers becomes reversed, andthe magnetic force is corresjiondingly changed.

inasmuch as the permanentlymagnetic needle lies with both its polesequally near the project-ions P Pl of one, and the projections P2 P3 ot'the other cover, it follows that, by reversingl the electric currents,or rst pass- 'ing a current through `one helix and then through theother, a reciprocating movement will be imparted to the needle and itslever, which may be employed for any purpose to which it is adapted. Ipropose to use this form of electro-magnet either as a receivingmagnetor alocal power, in my automatic telegraph-instruments, and, with theproper connections, to substitute it for all the par! poses t'or whichthe covered helices described in my other pending applications t'orLetters Patent may be employed.

It is not absolutely necessary that t'our pole projections should beused in connection with this electro-magnet, as the needle will beoperated by twoone lyngvon each side of the needle at either endt-hereotL-and will operate even it' the ribs p extend straight from oneend otl the space 0 to the other, without having terminal projections ateither end; but the operation of the magnet will be more powerful andefficient when t'our projections are employed,` arranged in the mannerherein set forth.

I claim as this part ot' my inventionl. The two helices, the poleprojections, the needle, and the iron cover, combined substantially asdescribed, for the purposes set forth.

2. The divided and hinged iron cover, having the projecting rim c,combined with the helices, pole projections, needle, and wires,substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

ROYAL F. HOUSE.

NVitnesses:

E. A. ELLsWoRTH, L. HILL.

